Dimensionality of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in a national sample: An item response theory application☆
Received 24 July 2009; received in revised form 3 November 2009; accepted 6 November 2009.
Abstract
Background
Research focusing on the development of a dimensional representation of DSM-IV nicotine dependence is scarce and prior research has not assessed the role of nicotine use criteria in that a dimensional representation, nor the invariance of the DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria across important population subgroups.
Methods
Using a large, representative sample of the U.S. population, this study utilized item response theory (IRT) analyses to explore the dimensionality of DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria and several candidate criteria for cigarette use among past-year cigarette smokers (n=10,163).
Results
Factor analyses demonstrated the unidimensionality of nicotine dependence criteria and IRT analyses demonstrated good fit of the observed responses and the underlying, unobserved latent trait of dependence severity. The model containing all seven DSM-IV dependence criteria, along with the consumption criterion of smoking at least a quarter of a pack of cigarettes in a day in the past year, was identified as the best-fitting model. No differential criterion functioning was shown across sex, race-ethnicity, and age subgroups.
Discussion
Major implications of this study are discussed in terms of the addition of a dimensional representation of nicotine dependence to pre-existing categorical representations of the disorder in the DSM-V, and the need for a nicotine consumption criterion to improve representations of nicotine dependence severity.
aLaboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, M.S. 9304, Rockville, MD 20852-9304, USA
bDivision of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd., M.S. 9589, Bethesda, MD 20892-9589, USA
Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Room 3077, 5635 Fishers Lane, M.S. 9304, Rockville, MD 20852-9304, USA. Tel.: +1 301 443 3306; fax: +1 301 443 1400.
☆ The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of any of the sponsoring organizations, agencies, or the U.S. government.
ABSTRACT